ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis remains the most important communicable disease in the world. The World Health organization (WHO) estimates that one-third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Groups that are at high risk for tuberculosis infection include HIV-infected persons, immigrants from countries with high rates of tuberculosis, the homeless, health care professionals, intravenous drug users, persons taking immunosuppressive agents, and those in institutional settings, such as nursing homes and correctional facilities. Along with the recent increase in cases of tuberculosis, there is a progressive increase in multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. Some of the MDR isolates are resistant to as many as seven of the commonly employed antimycobacterial drugs.

Key words: Multidrug resistant (MDR), M. Tuberculosis,Granuloma, MODS assay and Paracas-Caverna culture.

ABSTRACT

Wheat, (Triticum species) a cereal grass of the Gramineae (poaceae) family, is the world\'s largest edible grain cereal-grass crop. It has been a food crop for mankind since the beginning of agriculture. Wheat grass has been traditionally used to treat various diseases and disorders, since ancient times. Although over 30,000 varieties of wheat exist, three major varieties (species) of wheat, which are used throughout the world, include Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum and Triticum dicoccum. We have carried out a pharmacognostical characterization of Triticum durum. It is one of the most ancient of cultivated cereals. To our knowledge, a detailed Pharmacognostic study of this species of wheatgrass has not been reported earlier.

Keywords: Triticum durum, Pharmacognostic study, Microscopy, Wheat grass.

ABSTRACT

Present study was designed to evaluate in Renoprotective activity of Pioglitazone and Glimepiride on Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced renal damage in diabetic rats. Ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation in diabetic condition, is a major cause of acute renal failure. Type 2 Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, STZ) in overnight fasting rats followed by the i.p administration of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, NIC) after 15 minutes. After right nephrectomy, Piogltazone (10 mg/kg/day, p.o) and Glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg/day, p.o) were administered for 15 days. On the 16th day, ischemia was induced in contra lateral kidney for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. renal function marker and oxidative parameter were estimated at the end of 24 hr reperfusion. At the end of experimental period the level of malondialdehyde formation/ lipid peroxidation (LPO) in kidney tissue and serum marker Creatinine, Urea and Uric acids were significantly increased. Whereas, the activity of biomarkers of oxidative stress such as reduced glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found to be decreased significantly compared to control rats. Pioglitazone improved the renal dysfunction and oxidative stress after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats, but Glimepiride less improved the renal marker change compared to treatment of Pioglitazone. In conclusion, Pioglitazone shows potent may improve renal function marker and oxidative stress in kidney in I/R induced renal damage in type 2 diabetic rats.

KEYWORDS: Pioglitazone; renal ischemia reperfusion injury; Renal marker; type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT

In recent years there is a spurt in the interest regarding survival of Ayurvedic forms of medication. In the global perspective, there is a shift towards the use of medicine of herbal origin, as the dangers and the shortcoming of modern medicine have started getting more apparent, majority of Ayurvedic formulation are prepared from herbs. Herbal product has been enjoying renaissance among the customers throughout the world. However, one of the impediments in the acceptance of the Ayurvedic formulation is the lack of standard quality control profile. The quality of herbal medicine i.e. the profile of the constituents in the final product has implication in efficacy and safety. Plant material and herbal remedies derived from them represent substantial portion of global market and in this respect internationally recognized guidelines for their quality assessment and quality control are necessary. WHO has emphasized the need to ensure quality control of medicinal plant products by using modern technique and by applying suitable parameters and standards. In order to overcome certain inevitable shortcoming of the Pharmacopoeial monograph other quality control measures must be explored. Quality control has wide connotation and covers; many aspects of drug manufacture, distribution and sale is not restricted to final product analysis either regulatory or otherwise, while engaging in this task, it must be realized that some of the Quality control practices that work excellently either modern drug may not be appropriate with ASU drug.

Key words: herbal medicines, Quality control testing, crude drug.

ABSTRACT

The study presented in this article was to development of rabeprazole sodium fast release compressed coated tabletsusing acid-buffer technology gives immediate as well as sustains therapeutic effect. Modified Fuchs Model was used for buffercombination Selection. The fast release compressed coated tablets containing buffer, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and sodiumstarch glycolate (SSG) using acid buffer technique. The type of buffer combination (NaHCO3: Mg (OH)2) and the percentage ofthe disintegrant (2, 4, and 6%) were selected as independent variables in 32 full factorial design. Tablets were manufactured on asingle and rotary (12- station) tablet machine and tablets were evaluated for friability, tensile strength, disintegration time andpH study. Regression analysis was carried to evolve full and refined models. The optimized batch was characterized forDisintegration time, pH at 60sec, pH at 30 minute and % drug release at 5 minute were selected as dependent variable. Theresults indicated that the batch A6 contains 6% HPC , 4% SSG and buffer ratio NaHCO3:CaCO3 550:300 was selected as aoptimize batch on the based on low disintegration time 50 sec, maintain pH 5 for 30 minutes and 85 % drug release within 5minute. In the present research, Rabeprazole sodium fast release compressed coated tablets were successfully prepared andevaluated by using acid-buffer technology.

KEYWORDS: Compressed Coated, Acid Buffer Technology, and Modified Fuchs Model.

ABSTRACT

Some new 5-mercapto-2-(3-(4-fluorophenylimino)-1-methyl indole-2-one)-1, 3, 4-0xadiazole has been synthesizedfrom isatin& different p-substitute aniline. In the next step, I (a-h) on treatment with ethyl chloroacetate in anhydrous K2 CO3and dry acetone furnished [3(4-phenylimino)-2oxo]-1-indole-ethylacetate II(a-h) which on reaction with hydrazine hydrate inmethanol gave [3-(4-substituted phenylimino)-2-oxo]-1-indole acetylhydrazide III(a-h).In the last step, a solution of compoundsIII(a-h) in ethanolic KOH on treatment with CS2 gave title compounds 5-mercapto-2-[3-(4-substitutedphenylimino)-1-methylindol-2-0ne]-1,3,4-oxadiazole IV(a-h) under microwave irradiation at a power of 140 watts. MW irradiation led to higher yieldsin much less time than that by conventional method. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis ofelemental analysis, IR, H NMR, and mass spectra. All the synthesized isatin derivatives have been investigated for their antiinflammatory,antibacterial & antifungal activity.

Key Words: Microwave, Conventional, Synthesis, Isatin, 1.3.4-oxadiazole, Antibacterial activity, Anti-inflammatory activity.