AUB refers to bleeding in a non-pregnant woman of reproductive age with excess amount, abnormal frequency and duration which require immediate intervention. Prospective observational study was done with a total of 88 cases. Knowledge of AUB and its risk factors from women with AUB were given scores 1-8 and 1-6 respectively. Knowledge score for AUB < 4 and risk factors < 3 before counselling was found in 71.5% and 78.4% of respondents respectively. After the counselling the percentages of respondents have reduced to 35.2% and 30.6% respectively. 69.3% women were willing for medical treatment. Dependency on husband was the main reason for the late presentation for review accounting for 17.04%. An awareness campaign about the etiology and modality of treatment of the condition by a trained personnel is recommended. Key words: Knowledge, Attitude, Abnormal uterine bleeding.

Polypharmacy and inappropriate use of medicines in the elderly have been identified as major types of non rational prescribing in the elderly leading to higher prevalence of adverse drug reactions among them. Rational use of medicine is essential in elderly patients as it can improve the quality of life and prolong the life span. The aim of the study was to study the prescribing pattern of drugs among geriatric population. A prospective observational study was conducted in General Medicine OPD & IPD at Karuna Medical College, Vilayodi, Chittur, for a period of 6 months. The study is based on the data collected from 202 Geriatric patients. A total of 202elderly patients were included in the study. Polypharmacy was also observed in majority of the prescriptions that were prescribed to patients. The major diagnosis observed in the study population were infectious diseases (16.83%) followed by cardiovascular disorders (13.36%), respiratory disorders (12.87%), neurological disorders (11.88%) and musculoskeletal disorders. The commonly prescribed category of drugs to the elderly patients were Antihypertensive, Gastrointestinal drugs, CVS drugs, Antibiotics, respiratory drugs, analgesics, antihyperglycaemics, drugs acting on CNS, anticoagulants, antihistamines, vitamins , electrolytes and steroids. The incidence of several chronic illnesses in older population is a common occurrence worldwide leads to poly-pharmacy. This indicates that there is a need for multidisciplinary, multifaceted & multisector approach which may improve drug safety & adherence in the elderly. Key words: Geriatrics, Prescribing Pattern.

Knowledge, attitudes, and life style are a crucial element of hypertension control, but little information is available from developing countries where hypertension has lately been recognized as a major health problem.  Study on knowledge, attitude and lifestyle of hypertensive patients towards hypertension patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala. The study was designed as a Hospital based prospective observational study and was conducted at General Medicine of Karuna Medical College, Palakkad.  A total of 110 patients with Hypertension were included in the study.  The study protocol was approved by Institution Ethical Committee SDAT/KMC/E C/12-74 2017/88 of Karuna Medical College. The data collection was carried for a period of six months from November 2017 to April 2018. About 38.46% of the former and 33.34% of the later group knows the consequences of their disease, hypertension about 38.46% of patients with BP on target and 14.26% patients with BP not on target have knowledge on their current BP. 38.46% of  target BP group and 32.44% of not on target BP group knows the ways to reduce blood pressure. Among 23.6% of study population 15.3% of patients were on target and 8.22% were not on target BP. 50% of our study population have knowledge about side effects of their medications of which 23.07% were having BP on target and 26.93% were not on target BP. Hypertension is emerging as a major public health problem in many developing countries undergoing epidemiological transition; it is essential to gather both epidemiological and KAP data on hypertension as crucial steps in the design of sound prevention and control programs. It is particularly important to maximize the efficiency of such programs in these countries to minimize delay in achieving effective hypertension control. 

Key words: Hypertension, KAP, Prevalence.

In the present scenario, resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to the most of antimicrobial agents is increasing. In this study we have compared the antimicrobial effect of some medicinal plants like Neem, Clove, Turmeric and Garlic. The methanol extracts of these plants were prepared. Then comparative analysis of antibacterial effects between those extracts were tested in S aureus and Escherichia coli culture. The antibacterial activity was investigated using well diffusion method. All of the leaf extracts have shown antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Neem leaves and Turmeric rhizome are active against S. aureus and E.coli respetively. Key words: Antibacterial effect, multidrug resistance, pathogenic microbes, synergistic effect.

Nanotechnology refers to the creation and utilization of materials whose constituents exist at the nanoscale; and, by convention, be up to 100 nm in size. Nanotechnology explores electrical, optical, and magnetic activity as well as structural behavior at the molecular and submolecular level. It has the potential to revolutionize a series of medical and biotechnology tools and procedures so that they are portable, cheaper, safer, and easier to administer. Nanoparticles are being used for diverse purposes, from medical treatments, using in various branches of industry production such as solar and oxide fuel batteries for energy storage, to wide incorporation into diverse materials of everyday use such as cosmetics or clothes, optical devices, catalytic, bactericidal, electronic, sensor technology, biological labelling and treatment of some cancers. due to their exceptional properties including antibacterial activity, high resistance to oxidation and high thermal conductivity, nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Nanoparticles can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Metallic nanoparticles that have immense applications in industries are of different types, namely, Gold, Silver, Alloy, magnetic etc. This study aims to present an overview of nanoparticles, with special reference to their mechanism of biosynthesis and type. Key words: Nanoparticles, Bactericidal, Thermal Conductivity

Cancer is an deadly disease and for the past few decades research is going on to find out a effective treatment. Framing treatment for cancer was impossible because each type of cancer cell behaves and initiate the cancer in a different way compare to another type of cancer cell. In the globe, cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Cancer cells converts the metabolites into oncometabolites which plays an vital role in rapid proliferation of cells and also progression of the cancer. Tumor cells generates microenvironment around them. Microenvironment favours the cancer cells to invade the adjacent normal cells and also protects the cancer cells from the host cell immune response. Understanding the cancer biology helps the researchers to know about the activities of the cancer cells. Key words: Oncometabolites, Microenviroment and Tumor.

The drug is delivered buccally through the mucosal membrane. The drug produce high bioavailability by delivering through the inner jugular vein and entered systemic circulation and passes the first hepatic metabolism. The bioavailability implement bioadhesive activity that produces controlled release of drug and shows effectivity of liver. The miconazole is the anti-fungal drug that that stops the growth of fungi infections used for the treatment of orophargyngeal candidiasis. The oral drugs are commonly preferred. The patient feels discomfort when drug is taken orally. Buccoadhesive microspheres incorporating miconazole drug were prepared using polymers and the same were investigated for various parameters like the drug loading, drug release and other physico-chemical properties. The formulations were efficient in retaining the drug inside the polymers and were effective in releasing the drug in the desired rate